• Fig.1 Damages and economic costs of the cement sector in Algeria, by environmental categories
  
  
  

• Fig.2 Remediation costs, by environmental categories (cement in Algerian)

  

Global environment (CO2 emissions)

In the macro and meso studies, unless otherwise, damages to global environment cover the value of CO2 emissions, meaning the "value" of carbon related to the "Kyoto Mecanisms" (US$ 10.00 per tonne).

  Level                  %                sources
--------------------------------------------------
 Macro 
                                      
 Algeria               0.6% of GDP   PNAE-DD, 2002    
 Egypt                 0.6% of GDP   Larsen et al, 2002
 Tunisia               0.3% of GDP   Larsen et al, 2002
 
 Meso                                          

 Algerian Cement 7.0% of VA     Pillet and Zein, 2002

Sources

Algeria
Plan National d'Action pour l'Environnement et le Développement Durable, MATE, Alger, 2002.
Pillet, G. & Zein, K., (2002). Tableau de bord méso-économique des coûts et bénéfices environnementaux de l'industrie du ciment en Algérie, DDC, Berne, 2002.
Egypt
Larsen, B., M. Sarraf and G. Pillet. Cost Assessment of Environmental Degradation in EGYPT, The World Bank / METAP, Draft 2002.
Tunisia
Larsen, B., M. Sarraf and G. Pillet. Cost Assessment of Environmental Degradation in TUNISIA, The World Bank / METAP, Draft 2002.